Scripture and Salvation History
Prof.
Randall Smith
Office:
Hughes House, Room 206
E-mail: rsmith@stthom.edu
Office Hours: I am available any time I am not teaching, so just email or arrange a time before or after class

I. Course Description:

 In the beginning of his encyclical Fides et Ratio, Pope John Paul II speaks of "the fundamental questions of meaning" that "determine the direction we give to our lives" --- questions such as "Who am I?" "Where am I from?" "Where am I going?" "What is happiness?" and "What about suffering and death?" The Lutheran theologian Karl Barth has suggested that, although we begin reading the Bible asking "What is this book?" you find eventually that you are being asked, "Who is this that reads it?"  We will be examining the Scriptures as a serious response to the fundamental questions of meaning mentioned by John Paul II in Fides et Ratio.


II. Some Important Clarifications about Faith:

 

While we’re on the topic of faith, let me introduce you to a distinction between two senses of faith:

(a) "Faith as a certain intellectual content" ‑‑ a certain set of propositions which can be read, understood and repeated.

(b) "Faith as an act of the intellect and will by which we actually believe the things (the content) we believe."  This is a sense of "faith" which implies both "hope" and "love."  It is that act by which we entrust ourselves, both intellect and will, freely to God. We might also describe it in terms of a “connatural” understanding; that is, the depth of our understanding depends upon our relationship to the thing known.

My reason for introducing this distinction right up front is to clarify that “faith” in the second sense is not a requirement for taking or doing well in this course. Your grade in this coursewhether you are a Catholic or a non-Catholic, a believer in God or a total atheistwill be based entirely on your understanding of “faith” in the first sense, and not on your piety or “faith” in the second sense. In fact, given the nature of the course, not only would it be possible for a non-Catholic to take this course, quite frankly, it would be possible for a non-Catholic to teach this course and do a perfectly good job. Indeed, I once had Jewish professor who had made an intensive study of the history of biblical exegesis, both Jewish and Christian, who taught an absolutely fascinating course on the Christian Bible, and not merely on the Old Testament.  Did he understand the Catholic faith? Yes. Did he respect it? Absolutely. But did he himself believe everything that Catholics believe about how to read and interpret the Bible?  No.


Think about it this way:  There are plenty of times in almost every department in every university when you are required to read books that you are not required to believe in.  We have professors at this university who teach the major works of Plato and Marx, Aristotle and Nietzsche, Buddhism and Hinduism, and they don't necessarily agree with all that is contained in each of those books.  That would be impossible given the diversity of their views. We ask students at this university to study those texts critically, but with an open mind.  We don't require that they agree with them. In fact, there are many of those books we hope they don't agree with.  When my Jewish colleague Dr. Irving Kelter shows his students the Nazi propaganda film The Triumph of the Will or has them read Hitler's Mein Kampf, he is not doing so with the hope that they will accept Nazism. Quite the contrary.  He wants them to understand those ideas, not accept them.

            By the same token, I’m not trying to pose as someone who is totally neutral on the issue of Catholicism.  I'm not.  I am an adult Catholic convert.  For me, there is nothing more important in my life than my Catholic faith.  But my faith has nothing to do with your grade.  Besides, I couldn’t test you on “faith” in that sense even if I wanted to (which I don’t).  I can’t see into the deepest recesses of your heart, into that most intimate part of your soul where you and God go to talk to one another (and where even you don’t go all that often). No, life tests you on your faith in that sense. Only God can judge it.  I wouldn’t even try.

So, if this class isn't about shoving Catholicism down your throat (I'm sorry to disappoint you), then what is it about?  Well, that question brings us full circle. What we are going to be doing in this class is theology: a study which seeks a greater understanding of faith.  In this case, the goal of the class is to help you understand "the faith" (in sense #1 above) of the Catholic Church.  The goal is to help you understand the faith that animates the lives of Catholic-Christians. The goal is not to make you believe in something that you don't want to.

So there will probably be two things going on in this classroom—sometimes they will be going on in the same person.  Some students will be trying to "understand their faith":  that is, they will be trying to gain an understanding—or a better understanding—of the things they believe in.  Others will be trying to understand a faith that is not their faith. They will be trying to understand the convictions of that strange tribe of oddballs known as Catholics, just as they might in some other class be trying to understand the convictions of Marxists or Platonists or members of the Whig Party. Although they may not agree, they are still (we hope) open-minded enough to try to understand.

Some people, of course, may be doing a bit of both of they above: They may be saying (perhaps only to themselves):  “I think I may believe, but I’m not sure.  I was raised Catholic, but I’m not sure I really believe it all, or perhaps any of it.”  Or, “I’ve read (or heard) parts of the Bible, some of which made sense to me, but much of it either annoyed me or went in one ear and out the other.”  All of these different approaches and perspectives are very good.  They make for a good theology class.
 

But whichever group you fall into—believer or non-believer or not sure—the point is that "faith" (in the sense of believing in the things being taught) is not a requirement for taking this course or for doing well in this course. "Faith," in that sense, is something between you and God, not something between you and me, or between you and the University.

 

III. Procedures and Requirements:

 

A) Reading and Reflection:


The means to our goal of an increased "understanding of faith" will involve both reading and reflection. Reading assignments are posted on the course web site at the following address: http://t4.stthom.edu/users/smith/scripture. Your reflection on the readings and the course material will be facilitated by questions which will also be posted on the course web site.

 

B) Quizzes and Exams:


In order to help encourage serious, analytical reading, there will be regular reading quizzes. If you miss a quiz, don't worry.  At the end of the semester, I will drop your three lowest quiz scores.

You will also be asked to demonstrate your knowledge of the course material on a midterm exam during the semester and a comprehensive final exam at the end. Exams will be made up mostly of essay questions taken from the Reading and Review Questions, along with a few fill-in-the-blank questions.  If you are keeping up with the Reading and Review Questions each week as the semester rolls along, you should have no difficulty in preparing for the exams. If you’re not keeping up, then you will probably be unhappy come test time.  So keep up.


            It
has often been my practice in the past to offer review sessions to help students prepare for the exams.  I am not required to give these review sessions, but students have often told me in the past that they found them extremely helpful.  Be that as it may, there is no reason to schedule them if students aren’t interested.  Thus, review sessions will be offered by request only and only if there is enough of a demand for them.  Otherwise, questions can and should be handled during my regular office hours. Students should make a request for a review session no later than two class periods before an upcoming exam.  There will be no review session for an exam if there is no demand for one. 

 

C) Writing Assignments:

 

            First, the good news.  There will not be a major research paper for this course.  Now, some more good news (at least for those interested in learning to write).  You will be assigned reflections on the reading for nearly every class.  These reflections should be typed, single spaced, in 12-point font, and printed out on standard white paper.  They are due at the beginning of the class.  Please note at the top which Reading Assignment you are working on.


            These assignments need to be submitted online on Blackboard, but another hard copy must be brought to class and submitted when it is due. 


            Why both?  I read the hard copy version, but the on-line version will be run through a series of plagiarism and AI detectors.  It is, of course, possible that you might fool the detectors, but I wouldn't bet on it.  If one of the detectors says that your paper has more than just a very small amount of text that is "likely" from AI, then you will get a zero.  If the detector detects a higher percentage --- say, 35% --- you get a zero on that assignment AND the next one.  If the problem is chronic, you risk being expelled.  The university takes a firm stand against plagiarism.  Using AI to write your paper is a violation of academic honesty.  I don't care how widespread it is in other classes, in other schools, or in society at large.  You can't do it in this class. I care about your education.  You need to learn to think and write for yourself.  You might not think using AI to write papers for you is cheating yourself, but I know that it is, so I won't let you do it.  Period. 

 

III. Grading:

 

Please note that your final grade will be calculated according to the following formula:

Midterm Exam: 25 %

Final Exam:  30 %

Reading Quizzes: 15 %

Writing Assignments: 20 %

Class Participation: 10 %

           I assign letter grades at the end of the semester based upon the following standard scale:

A         94-100

A-        90-93

B+       88-89

B          83-87

B-        80-82

C+       78-79

C         73-77

C-        70-72

D+       68-69

D         63-67

D-        60-62

F          Anything below 60

IV. My Policy on Attendance:

 

            I will take attendance daily at the beginning of each class. If you are late, it is your responsibility to see me after class to make sure you are marked present (but late). If you haven’t informed me of your presence, then you didn’t attend.

            Please be forewarned that more than three absences will result in a decrease of one‑third of a letter grade. Further absences will result in further proportionate decreases.  After six absences, you will be excused from further attendance in an official way.

            Please also take note that I make no distinction between “excused” and “un‑excused” absences.  You may excuse yourself for whatever reason you deem important enough to miss class. I realize that there are certainly times when attending class is not the most important thing in your life.  On the other hand, since you are enrolled, attending class is not unimportant if you are to get the educational benefit for which you are paying.  Three absences, therefore, seems about right.

 

V. Required Readings:

 

There are two books required for this course.  They are:

 

Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI), ‘In the Beginning...': A Catholic Understanding of the Story of the Creation and the Fall (Eerdmans).

 Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth (Doubleday)

 

In addition to assignments in these two books, you will also be assigned readings from a large spiral-bound Reader full of shorter articles.  This Reader must be purchased at a local copy shop. 

 

VI. Some Important Comments Concerning Your Participation in the Class:

 

A) On Class Etiquette:

 

It should go without saying (but let me say it anyway) that respect for your fellow students in the class demands the following:

  • If you should (heaven forbid) come in late, please take your seat quietly.
  • Once you have arrived and class has begun, please don’t leave the classroom unless there is a dire physical necessity.  Buying a coke or making a phone call is not a dire physical necessity.
  • In this class, you are permitted to bring food, drink, or any other legal stimulants to keep you awake and alert during the class period.  And please clean up your own mess before you leave.
  • All cell phones and pagers must be turned off and put completely away (or you will be turned out).
  • NB:  It has also come to my attention that many students use their computers not to take notes during class but to surf the web or check e-mail.  This distracts other students greatly.  Therefore, because of the many abuses that I have seen and others have mentioned to me, no computers will be allowed in this class.  You’ll have to take notes the old-fashioned way: with a pen or pencil.
  • Bottom line: All electronic devices must be turned off and stowed for the duration of the class.  Seat backs and tray tables must also be in their upright and locked position.
  • The prohibition against electronic devices and against coming in and out of the classroom during class are absolute requirements. Violations will result in a decrease in class participation grade. Repeated violations will result in dismissal from the class.  Reading your phone under the table is not invisible.  Don't do it.  It is utterly disrespectful to your professors and to your fellow classmates.  It will not be tolerated.  Period.

 

B) On Lecture and Discussion:

 

Students will take note, I hope, that this is a rather large class – something that makes discussion more difficult, or at the very least, much more unwieldy. While it is this instructor's view that learning should be an active process on the part of the students, he does not, unfortunately, determine class size. In short, we're screwed.  The result of all this is that I will have to do a lot of lecturing. Students should be prepared, therefore, to take part in this type of class for the most part.

On the other hand, please believe that I am always open to earnest and serious questions. So although I tend to plunge through material rather madly, please be assured that I do welcome your questions and comments.

One caveat, however: This is a big class, and we do have to keep things moving along, so I can't necessarily call on everyone every time. I have found in the past with classes this size that discussions often tend to veer wildly off into other interesting, though perhaps only tangentially related, topics. There is only one answer to this problem: Please listen to your classmates (this is an absolute requirement!), and try to respond to what's being said.

Above all, you should be self‑aware enough to realize that it as difficult for everyone else as it is for you to make a point clearly and concisely in front of thirty or so classmates. So please be patient with yourself and with everyone else – especially the people you consider to be annoyingly stupid.  (Here’s a hint:  They’re not.)

            My experience from past classes suggests that while students often find class discussions interesting, they also find them a bit frustrating.  There is simply no way of discussing important issues thoroughly in the kind of time we spend in class.  My conviction is that education either goes on outside of the classroom, or it does not go on at all. What discussion in the classroom can do (at its best) is merely pique your interest – “wet your appetite,” as it were.  The real conversations must take place after you leave the classroom: with your friends and family, late at night in coffee shops or bars, over a glass of red wine, good beer, or strong, dark coffee.  Here the time is too short and the surroundings are too sterile for real philosophy to take place.  But we can at least begin the conversation.

Please be aware that I will often ask questions at random during my lectures about the reading material. You should be able to demonstrate some knowledge of the text, or at least some ability to think about the questions involved. If it is clear to everyone that you have not done the reading at all, then don't be surprised if this fact ends up being reflected in your final grade.  I won’t necessarily say, out loud, in front of everybody: “Well, I guess I can give you a big F for class participation.”  But just keep in mind, that’s what will be happening.

The good news, however, is this:  Regular and prompt attendance, coupled with a good faith effort to understand the text, can do wonders for your grade.  That 10% for class participation is an easy A if you show up on time and do the reading.

 

C) On the Amount of Reading:

 

            There will be plenty of reading, so please be prepared to do it.  This is an upper-level college course, therefore it is entirely appropriate for me to assign you upwards of 40 to 50 pages of reading between class periods.  That is not a lot.  You simply have to pace yourself.  If you can read 20 pages per hour (with good understanding and retention), then you will need two hours or so to do the reading.  If you read much more slowly, then you need longer. Budget your time accordingly.

            Yes, I know you have other classes.  They should be assigning you plenty of reading as well.  For every class you take at this University, you should expect to put in between two to three hours of work for every hour you are in class.  That’s a standard college work load at good colleges across the country.  (Note that I said at “good” colleges, so please don’t tell me how your friends at A&M spend half the time studying you do and the rest of the time drinking with their frat buddies or sorority sisters.)

            I always read the comments students make on their evaluations at the end of the semester, and I take them all very seriouslyexcept for this one: “Too much reading!”  Here’s a hint:  No, there’s not.  You have asked us to teach you and prepare you to do first-rate work in business or professional school.  And that is what I intend to do.  I know how much reading you should be able to do.  If you’re not interested in that sort of formation, then you want another class.

            You need to be building muscles for excellence as opposed to getting yourself accustomed to mediocrity.  In any course you take at this University, even if you are not particularly interested in the subject matter of the course, you should still take it as an occasion to develop the habit of excellence rather than the habit of mediocrity.  Our successful students alwaysand I mean this very sincerelythey always thank us for having challenged them and, in particular, for having forced them to read and write more than they thought possible.  But in any worthwhile endeavor, the joy and freedom that comes with attaining excellence demands work and discipline on the front end. 

 

D) On the Modus Operandi of the Instructor:

 

            Please note that you are responsible for all the reading material, even though we will not necessarily have time to cover it all in class.  We will only cover highlights and the more difficult sections in class.  Class lecture and discussion are merely parts of the process by which you educate yourself.  The goal of a liberal arts education is to teach you how to teach yourself.  You need to learn how to learn.  There is no way we can teach you everything you need to know in four years.  There is no way we can cover all the relevant points about the kind of important questions we will be covering in fifty or sixty minutes. That is the work of a lifetime.  These four years are meant to prepare you for a lifetime of education.  The end of the class period is when the real learning begins.

            Note also that there are a number of different ways of running a class.  One way would be for the professor to step back and merely facilitate a discussion between students.  This class is too big for that.  Another way would be for the professor to lecture in an orderly, point-by-point fashion, using PowerPoint slides or overhead projections.  Some professors come into a class with five points to make, lay them out in order and are done.  This method works with material for which you don’t need to have much context in order to “get” the points the speaker wants to make.  That makes this method appropriate for communicating discrete bits of information, but not as good, in my view, for areas that require thinking.  Ideas do not happen in isolation; they arise in a context, and their full truth can only be appreciated by understanding them within that context.

            The process of acquiring this context may feel at times as though we’re wandering the circles around the center of the labyrinth.  We eventually reach the center, but the process might make you wonder, “If our destination was here, why did we walk in all those circles?  Why didn’t we just walk in a straight line and get to the point?” Because with me, the journey is often as important as the destination.  I want students to see the center from a number of different angles, perspectives and points-of-view.  I want them to begin to see the connections between the ideas.  And I want them to begin to enter into a conversation: a conversation not just with me or with the other students in the class, but with a number of the greatest thinkers of the past and present:  a conversation of interconnected ideas that is meant to extend beyond the classroom and into their everyday lives.
 

            There is something else as well.  Often in the process of learning, it is good to become comfortable with being uncomfortable; with not knowing exactly where you’re going for a while; with struggling through the twists and turns in order to find your way, trusting that if you take the coaching and do the work, the whole picture will eventually become clear, in fact much clearer than if you had just walked from Point A to Point B and said to yourself, “There, now that’s done.”

            There are many truths that require something more than a five-point summary or that can’t be captured in a sound-bite.  Most things worth knowing must be approached as you would approach a great work of art.  You don’t just glance at it the way you glance at a stop sign. Great works of art require time: time to walk around them, to look at them from various angles, to mull them over, and sometimes just to sit and be in their presence, so that their truth and beauty can overflow into you. So prepare yourselves to listen, to take copious detailed notes, to engage with the reading material, and enjoy the ride.

 

VII. Office Hours:

 

            My office is in Room 206 of Hughes House, which is located across Yoakum Blvd. from Strake Hall.  For various and sundry reasons, however, I don't spend any time there.  I used to hold my office hours in a coffee shop across Montrose Blvd., but it closed years ago.  These days, I work in Mercantile Coffee Shop north of campus just two blocks back from Montrose on Hawthorne.  It takes about 2 minutes to drive there and maybe ten to walk. As I mentioned above, I am available any time I am not teaching, so just email or arrange a time before or after class

 

VIII. Contacting Me:      


            I try to check my email several times a day, but there are times when I get so swamped with work, I can't.  So, if you need to get in touch with me, the best way is to make an appointment before or after class. But please, please, don’t get personally offended if I don’t respond immediately to your e-mail message.  It may be a technical glitch (my system has on numerous occasions filtered out student e-mails), or I may just be way behind in checking e-mail.  Either way, I cannot guarantee that I will be able to keep up with all the e-mail traffic.  So, for example, at different points in the semester, I may have to declare a moratorium on e-mail in order to be able to finish grading exams.

 

IX. Finally:

 

            Finally, please be assured I want you to do well in this course, and I will do whatever I can to see to it that you get the grade to which you aspire.  But for now, don’t forget to:

 

* Check the course web site at:  http://t4.stthom.edu/users/smith/scripture

* Read the syllabus and the assigned reading for the next class and be ready for a quiz.

 

            Most of all, a very warm welcome to you all!