Prof Randall Smith     

Scripture and Salvation History

christ and bible


Course  Syllabus


INTRODUCTORY TOPICS

- Structure of the Bible
- Divine Revelation
- Salvation
History
- Covenant:  Old and New
- Divine Inspiration and Biblical Interpretation

INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT
-
Creation
- Sin
- The Mosaic Law and the Natural Law
- The Prophets:  Amos, Hosea, Jeremiah, Isaiah

INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW TESTAMENT
- The Baptism of Jesus
- Temptations in the Desert
- The Kingdom of God
- Sermon on the Mount
- The Message of the Parables
- Jesus's Death and Resurrection



SECTION I:  READING THE WORD OF GOD

1. Reading God’s Word:  The Parts of the Bible and the Plan of the Lectionary

Pope John Paul II, Fides et Ratio
Thomas Merton, Opening the Bible
St. Augustine, On Catechizing the Uninstructed

* Scripture: Is 55:10-11
* Scripture: Mt 13:1-9

The
Structure of the Bible:  Old Testament and New Testaments                     
Plan of the Lectionary: The Cycle of Readings (Years A, B, and C)

2. Revelation:  God's Self-Communication to Man in History

The Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum),  tr. W. Abbott, chs. I-II
René Latourelle, History and Revelation” from Theology of Revelation (questions)

* Scripture: Exodus 3
("I Am":  The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob)

Outline:  God's Self-Revelation through Salvation History

Reflection Question:

On the first day in class, we read the quotation by Karl Barth, who claimed that when you begin to question the Bible, you find that the Bible is questioning you. When you ask: “What is this book?” you find that you are also implicitly being asked: “Who is this that reads it?”  So too, at the beginning of his encyclical Fides et Ratio, Pope John Paul II talks about the “fundamental questions of meaning,” such as: Who am I? Where have I come from and where am I going? Why is there evil? What is there after this life?

Here is my question.  Who is it that is about to study this book that we call “the Book,” the Bible?  Who is reading it and why?  What assumptions and fundamental questions do you bring to your reading and study in this course?

3. Revelation and the Meaning of History:  The Role of Salvation History

John Haught, “The Meaning of History,” from Mystery and Promise: A Theology of Revelation

Outine:  Meaning and History

Reflection Question 3: In your own words, express what difference it would make to view your future as mystery rather than as promise?  (You need to show that you've read the article by John Haught on the meanings of those terms.)

4. Starting with the Foundation: Covenant  

Walter Brueggemann, The Bible Makes Sense, “Making Sense as an Insider”
*Scripture: Dt 26: 1-11 (primal narrative)
* Scripture: Dt 6: 20-24 (primal narrative)
* Scripture:
Ex 12-14 (Passover:  The Exodus)
* Scripture: 1 Cor 15:1-8 (primal narrative)

Covenant,The Jerome Biblical Commentary
* Scripture:  Gen 15:1-18 (Covenant with Abraham)
* Scripture:
Ex 24 (The Covenant at Sinai)
* Scripture:  Josh 24:1-27 (Renewal of the Covenant at the Jordan)
* Scripture: 2 Sam 7:1-16 (Covenant with David)
* Scripture: Jer 31:31-33 (The New Covenant)
* Scripture: Ez 36:23-28  (The New Law)

Reflection Question 4: If you enter into a marriage covenant with someone, are there obligations that follow from this?  If so, what?

5. Salvation History in the Old Testament 

Bernhard Anderson, Israel’s Sacred History," Understanding the Old Testament,
James O. Chatham, "Patriarchs" up to "Reconstitution and Beyond" in Creation to Revelation

Outline:  Salvation History in the Old Testament
Timeline of Old Testament Prophets and Kings


Reflection Question 5: One of the key figures in the Old Testament is Abram (Abraham).  St. Paul calls him "our Father in faith."  How is Abraham's faith revealed?  Do you usually think of religious faith this way?  Or do you usually think it just has to do with creeds and doctrines?

6. Salvation History in the New Testament

James O. Chatham, "Reconstitution and Beyond" up through "The Apostle Paul," from Creation to Revelation

Outline:  Salvation History in the New Testament

Salvation History Questions

Reflection Question 6: Salvation History as recounted in the Old and New Testaments purports to tell us something about our relationship with God.  What conclusions would one draw from reading that story about mankind's relationship with God?  (NB: You need not accept the biblical account in faith to answer this question. I could ask you the same question if we had read the Koran or Confucius's Analects.)

7. “The New Testament lies hidden in the Old, and the Old Testament is made manifest in the New”

The Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum),  tr. W. Abbott, chs. IV, V
Henri de Lubac, Scripture in the Tradition, “Spiritual Understanding”
Exsultet from the Easter Vigil Liturgy
Readings for the Liturgy of the Easter Vigil

* Outline:  Redemption: Exodus and Christ

Reflection Question 7: If I were to ask you to write a short essay for the mid-term exam on the relationship between the Exodus event and Christ’s death and resurrection, what would you write?  (Remember, this is something you would need to do on the exam in under 20 minutes.)

8. Paying Attention to Literary Forms: Divine Inspiration and the Interpretation of Sacred Scripture

Dei Verbum, ch. III:  Divine Inspiration and the Interpretation of Sacred Scripture
"Prophecy, Poetry, or Some Other Type of Speech":  "The Most of It" by Robert Frost (A sound file of Robert Frost reading "The Most of It")

N. P. Miller, "Dramatic Speech in the Roman Historians"
F. J. Aspenleiter, "The Twilight of the Middle Ages"
Catton and Catton, "First in War," from The Bold and Magnificent Dream

Outline: An Outline of Dei Verbum, Chapter III
]
Reflection Question 8: The Second Vatican Council’s Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum) exhorts its readers to pay attention to the “literary forms” of the biblical texts, because “truth is proposed and expressed in a variety of ways, depending on whether it is prophecy, poetry, history of one kind or another or some other type of speech.”  I have given you three texts that recount different events.

Robert Frost’s poem The Most of It

A chapter by F. J. Aspenleiter titled "The Twilight of the Middle Ages"
And a chapter from Bruce Catton’s book The Bold and Magnificent Dream titled "First in War” about George Washington

 

What are the differences between them?  (By this, I mean what are the differences in the nature of the literary form --- the differences other than the fact that each narrates a different event and other than the fact that one is a poem and the other two are histories.)



SECTION II:  CREATION

9.
Let There Be Light": Genesis 1 and the Decisive Enlightenment of History

Joseph Ratzinger, In the Beginning, 1-39 (pdf)


Reflection Question 9: Why, according to Cardinal Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) should creation be seen as the ultimate enlightenment of history?


10. Creation and Modern Science

William Carroll, Creation and Science

* Outline: The Difference Between Creation and Change
* Outline: Divine and Natural Causality

Reflection Question 10: Is it your assumption that modern science has shown that belief in a Creator is irrational?  Did William Carroll's discussion illuminate anything for you? Or did you find it unconvincing? If so, why?

11. Genesis, Evolution, and Materialism

Pope John Paul II, “Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences on Evolution”
Stephen M. Barr, “Untangling Evolution”
Phillip E. Johnson, The Unraveling of Scientific Materialism,”
C. S. Lewis, “The Self-Contradictions of Naturalism,” from Miracles
 
Reflection Question 11: Do you think it is possible to say about a child that "God created that child" and admit that the child was generated by his or her parents by means of natural causes?

12. Creation as Sacramental

Alexander Schmemann, For the Life of the World

Reflection Question 12: What does Fr. Schmemann mean when says that the world should be seen as “Eucharistic”?

13. The Creation of the Human Person:  Image of God, Incarnate Spirit

Joseph Ratzinger, In the Beginning, 41-58
G. H. Colt, "The Magic of Touch"
Bill Moyers, Healing and the Mind
Abraham Joshua Heschel, "Who is Man?"
*Scripture:  Gen 1.24-2.9

Reflection Question 13: Is healing a purely physical thing?  Is it a purely mental thing?  What do we learn from the selections for today?  

14. Humanity and the Deep Structure of Sin

Joseph Ratzinger, In the Beginning, 58-77 (pdf)
Pope John Paul II, Veritatis splendor, "Freedom and Law," 31-50
*Scripture:  Gen 2-3 (The Garden and the Fall)

Reflection Question 14: Pope John Paul II comments on the image of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil in Genesis 2.  What does revelation teach us by means of this imagery, according to the Pope?  What does the Pope mean when he says, toward the end of section 41 that, “Law must therefore be considered an expression of divine wisdom: by submitting to the law, freedom submits to the truth of creation”?
 

15. The Threefold Alienation of Sin 

Fr. Roch Kereszty, O. Cist., “Sin as a Threefold Alienation”

* Outline:
The Threefold Alienation of Sin

Reflection Question 15: How might we live our lives so that death would not be seen as such a punishment; so that, indeed, we might even look upon it as a gift?  Talk about this in respect to our relationship with our own bodies, with respect to our relationships with others, and finally, our relationship with God.



SECTION III: THE LAW AND PROPHETS

16. The Mosaic Law and the Natural Law

"The Relationship Between the Mosaic Law and the Natural Law According to Thomas Aquinas"
C. S. Lewis, “Illustrations of the Tao,” from The Abolition of Man
George Weigel, Commandments as Moral Code are Tools of Liberation
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, "On the Reason for the Judicial Precepts" (selections)
Tribute to Aaron Feuerstein, President and CEO of Malden Mills Industries
*Scripture: The Ten Commandments (Ex 20 and Deut 5)
*Scripture: The Law Extolled

Reflection Question 16: The Commandments, says George Weigel (echoing Pope John Paul II) are not "peremptory moral decrees of some out-of-this-world divinity."  If not, what are they?  They are not, continues Weigel, "imposts from 'outside' our human condition."  If not, what are they? "To live freely" involves what, according to Weigel?


17. The Message of the Prophets:  Amos and the God of Justice;  Hosea and the God of Mercy     

Louis Bouyer, The Meaning of Sacred Scripture, "Amos and the God of Justice," "Osee and the God of Mercy,"

Reflection Question 17: According to Fr. Bouyer, if God does not wait for us to be just in order to love us, it is because what must be true of His love?  (Note: The answer is NOT merely that it is given freely.  I am looking for something else here.)  What, according to Fr. Bouyer, is the "supreme creation of God" that truly expresses God's unique, truly creative power?  How is this idea taken up and echoed in later prophets such as Jeremiah and Ezekiel?

18. The Message of the Prophets:  Isaiah and the God of Holiness; Jeremiah and the God of the Heart

Louis Bouyer, The Meaning of Sacred Scripture, "Isaias amd the God of Holiness," Jeremias and the God of the Heart"

Reflection Question 18: In the Second Vatican Council's Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum), chapter 1, section 5, the document talks about "the obedience of faith" that should be given to God who has revealed Himself to us.  Fr. Bouyer too talks about "obedience" in conjunction with "faith" in his discussion of Isaiah.  How might these be related to your answer to this earlier question: If you enter into a marriage covenant with someone, are there obligations that follow from this? 



SECTION IV: THE GOOD NEWS OF JESUS CHRIST

19.  Law and Grace

Jacques Maritain, The Living Thoughts of St. Paul, "Introduction," "Law and Grace" (pp. 52-64 of Maritain’s text)

Reflection Question 19: What are the three “intuitions” of St. Paul that Jacques Maritain discusses in this chapter of his book The Living Thoughts of St. Paul.


20. The Prophets and the Messiah

Roch Kerezsty, Jesus Christ: Fundamentals of Christology (“Son of Man” and “Suffering Servant”)
Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth, 1-8
* Scripture:  Please be sure to read all the Scripture passages linked to the outline page below.

* Outline:  Suffering Servant and Son of Man

Reflection Question 20: How, according to Fr. Roch, does Jesus combine in Himself the promises of the Son of Man and the Suffering Servant. (This is another one of those final exam-type questions.)

21. The Gospel as History and as Proclamation

Please read the beginnings of each of the four Gospels, and the beginning and end of the Acts of the Apostles

Matthew 1

Mark 1

Luke 2

John 1

Acts 1 and Acts 28:16-31

Reflection Question 21: I’ve asked you to read the beginnings of each of the four Gospels.  Which of them do you like best and why?

22. The Baptism and Temptations of Jesus

Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth, 9-24
Jesus of Nazareth, 25-45

Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth, pp. 9-45

* Scripture: Mt 3:13-17, Mt 4:1-11, Mk 1:12-13, and Lk 4:1-13

Reflection Question 22: Those who pray the Our Father ask God: “Lead us not into temptation.”  Would God ever “lead us into temptation”?  If not, why do we make that prayer? What do you think it means?

23. The Gospel of the Kingdom of God and the Message of the Parables

Jesus of Nazareth, 46-63
Jesus of Nazareth, 191 (last paragraph) - 201
"Faithful for Life:  A Moral Reflection"
* Scripture: Lk 10:25-37

Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth, pp. 46-63
Jesus of Nazareth, pp. 191 (last paragraph) - 201

Reflection Question 23: The apostolic letter "Faithful for Life: A Moral Reflection" includes a commentary on the relevance of the Parable of the Good Samaritan.  Do you know anyone who would be willing to go out of his or her way to help others this way?  Describe this person.

24. The Sermon on the Mount:  The Beatitudes

Jesus of Nazareth, 64-99
* Scripture:  Mt 5

Pope Benedict, Jesus of Nazareth, pp. 64-99

Reflection Question 24: The “beatitudes” are statements that begin: “Blessed are the ….”  Among those who are “blessed” (meaning “happy”) in this list are the poor, the meek, those who mourn, and those who are persecuted.  Most people don’t associate these things with happiness.  Did Pope Benedict’s description of these beatitudes change you mind at all?  Explain why or why not.

25. The Good News:  The Cross and Resurrection  

Annie Dillard, "The Wreck of Time"
Richard John Neuhaus, The Eternal Pity

 Fr. Roch Kereszty, Jesus Christ: Fundamentals of Christology, ch. II: "The Death and Resurrection of Jesus"
*Scripture:
Matthew 28
Mark 16
Luke 24
and Acts 1-2
John 20-21
Paul's Epistles
(Rom 6 and 1 Cor 15)

*Overhead: St. Paul and the Resurrection
*Overhead: The Good News of the Resurrection

No reflection due today.


713.942.5059 | rsmith@stthom.edu